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Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners

  abstract Noun = Cat ** {

Noun phrases

The three main types of noun phrases are - common nouns with determiners - proper names - pronouns 

    fun
      DetCN   : Det -> CN -> NP ;   -- the man
      UsePN   : PN -> NP ;          -- John
      UsePron : Pron -> NP ;        -- he
Pronouns are defined in the module [``Structural`` Structural.html]. A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a Predeterminer. 
      PredetNP : Predet -> NP -> NP; -- only the man
A noun phrase can also be postmodified by the past participle of a verb, by an adverb, or by a relative clause 
      PPartNP : NP -> V2  -> NP ;    -- the man seen
      AdvNP   : NP -> Adv -> NP ;    -- Paris today
      RelNP   : NP -> RS  -> NP ;    -- Paris, which is here
Determiners can form noun phrases directly. 
      DetNP   : Det -> NP ;  -- these five

Determiners

The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus' quantifier and an optional numeral can be discerned. 
      DetQuant    : Quant -> Num ->        Det ;  -- these five
      DetQuantOrd : Quant -> Num -> Ord -> Det ;  -- these five best
Whether the resulting determiner is singular or plural depends on the cardinal. All parts of the determiner can be empty, except Quant, which is the kernel of a determiner. It is, however, the Num that determines the inherent number. 
      NumSg   : Num ;
      NumPl   : Num ;
      NumCard : Card -> Num ;
Card consists of either digits or numeral words. 
    data
      NumDigits  : Digits  -> Card ;  -- 51
      NumNumeral : Numeral -> Card ;  -- fifty-one
The construction of numerals is defined in [Numeral Numeral.html]. A Card can be modified by certain adverbs. 
    fun
      AdNum : AdN -> Card -> Card ;   -- almost 51
An Ord consists of either digits or numeral words. Also superlative forms of adjectives behave syntactically like ordinals. 
      OrdDigits  : Digits  -> Ord ;  -- 51st
      OrdNumeral : Numeral -> Ord ;  -- fifty-first
      OrdSuperl  : A       -> Ord ;  -- warmest
Definite and indefinite noun phrases are sometimes realized as neatly distinct words (Spanish un, unos ; el, los) but also without any particular word (Finnish; Swedish definites). 
      IndefArt   : Quant ;
      DefArt     : Quant ;
Nouns can be used without an article as mass nouns. The resource does not distinguish mass nouns from other common nouns, which can result in semantically odd expressions. 
      MassNP     : CN -> NP ;            -- (beer)
Pronouns have possessive forms. Genitives of other kinds of noun phrases are not given here, since they are not possible in e.g. Romance languages. They can be found in Extra modules. 
      PossPron : Pron -> Quant ;    -- my (house)
Other determiners are defined in [Structural Structural.html].

Common nouns

Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright. 
      UseN : N -> CN ;              -- house
Relational nouns take one or two arguments. 
      ComplN2 : N2 -> NP -> CN ;    -- mother of the king
      ComplN3 : N3 -> NP -> N2 ;    -- distance from this city (to Paris)
Relational nouns can also be used without their arguments. The semantics is typically derivative of the relational meaning. 
      UseN2   : N2 -> CN ;          -- mother
      Use2N3  : N3 -> N2 ;          -- distance (from this city)
      Use3N3  : N3 -> N2 ;          -- distance (to Paris)
Nouns can be modified by adjectives, relative clauses, and adverbs (the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachment' ambiguities when used in connection with verb phrases). 
      AdjCN   : AP -> CN  -> CN ;   -- big house
      RelCN   : CN -> RS  -> CN ;   -- house that John bought
      AdvCN   : CN -> Adv -> CN ;   -- house on the hill
Nouns can also be modified by embedded sentences and questions. For some nouns this makes little sense, but we leave this for applications to decide. Sentential complements are defined in [Verb Verb.html]. 
      SentCN  : CN -> SC  -> CN ;   -- question where she sleeps

Apposition

This is certainly overgenerating. 
      ApposCN : CN -> NP -> CN ;    -- city Paris (, numbers x and y)
  
  }